Sexual health is an important part of your overall well-being, yet it’s a topic many people feel uncomfortable discussing, even with their healthcare provider. The truth is, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are extremely common, and anyone who is sexually active can be at risk.
At Carlos & Parnell, M.D., P.A., we want our patients to know there’s no shame in asking questions or getting tested. Many STIs can be treated successfully, and early diagnosis can help prevent long-term health complications while protecting both you and your partner.
What Is an STI?
A sexually transmitted infection (STI) is an infection spread primarily through vaginal, oral, or anal sexual contact. Some STIs are caused by bacteria, while others are caused by viruses or parasites.
Common STIs include:
- Chlamydia
- Gonorrhea
- Human Papilloma virus (HPV)
- Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
- Syphilis
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- Trichomoniasis
One of the most important things to understand is that many STIs cause few or no symptoms, especially during the early stages. Someone may feel perfectly healthy while unknowingly spreading an infection to others.
Signs and Symptoms to Watch For
Although symptoms vary depending on the infection, common warning signs include:
- Burning or pain during urination
- Unusual vaginal discharge
- Sores, blisters, or bumps around the genital area
- Pelvic pain
- Pain during intercourse
- Vaginal itching or irritation
- Bleeding after sex or between periods
- Swollen lymph nodes or unexplained fever
However, it’s equally important to remember that having no symptoms does not mean you don’t have an STI. That’s why regular screening is recommended for many sexually active adults, especially those with new or multiple partners.
How Can You Reduce Your Risk?
While no prevention method is 100% effective except abstinence, several steps can significantly reduce your risk of contracting an STI.
Use condoms correctly and consistently during sexual activity. Condoms greatly reduce the risk of many infections, although they do not completely eliminate the risk of infections spread through skin-to-skin contact, such as herpes or HPV.
Limiting the number of sexual partners, maintaining open communication about sexual health, and getting tested before beginning a new sexual relationship are also important ways to reduce your risk.
Vaccination is another valuable form of prevention. The HPV vaccine helps protect against several strains of the virus that can lead to cervical cancer and genital warts.
Should I Get Tested?
Many patients ask whether they should be tested if they don’t have symptoms.
The answer often depends on your age, sexual history, pregnancy status, and individual risk factors. Your OB/GYN can recommend the appropriate screening schedule based on your personal health history.
Testing is especially important if:
- You have a new sexual partner.
- You have multiple partners.
- Your partner has been diagnosed with an STI.
- You’re experiencing symptoms.
- You’re pregnant or planning a pregnancy.
Routine STI screening is a normal part of preventive healthcare and should never be viewed as something to feel embarrassed about.
STIs and Pregnancy
Some sexually transmitted infections can affect both mother and baby during pregnancy if left untreated. Fortunately, routine prenatal testing allows many infections to be identified and treated early, reducing the risk of complications.
If you’re pregnant or planning to become pregnant, talk with your healthcare provider about recommended STI screening as part of your prenatal care.
When Should You See Your Healthcare Provider?
If you notice any unusual symptoms—or if you think you’ve been exposed to an STI—don’t wait to schedule an appointment.
Many infections are easily treated when diagnosed early. Delaying care can increase the risk of complications, including pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, and transmission to sexual partners.
At Carlos & Parnell, M.D., P.A., we provide compassionate, confidential care in a respectful environment. Whether you need routine screening, have questions about symptoms, or simply want peace of mind, our team is here to help you make informed decisions about your reproductive and sexual health.
References
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
https://www.acog.org/womens-health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
https://www.cdc.gov/sti
Mayo Clinic. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Symptoms and Causes
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds
